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Propagation

Germination, seed depth, punnets, heat mats and hardening off: getting seed from the packet to a strong seedling.

20 articles
Inside a Seed: What Is in There, and How Germination Actually Happens - Happy Valley Seeds

Inside a Seed: What Is in There, and How Germination Actually Happens

Knowledge Base
A seed is a sleeping plant with a packed lunch. What is inside it, how germination unfolds step by step, the soil temperatures each crop needs, and why seeds fail.
How to Sow Tiny Seeds Without Losing Them (Including the Sand Trick) - Happy Valley Seeds

How to Sow Tiny Seeds Without Losing Them (Including the Sand Trick)

Knowledge Base
Poppy seed runs to ten thousand a gram. How to bulk tiny seed with sand, sow it on the surface, keep it damp, and thin it, so the smallest seeds become the easiest crops.
Planting Out Seedlings: How to Transplant Without the Setback - Happy Valley Seeds

Planting Out Seedlings: How to Transplant Without the Setback

Knowledge Base
The right size, the right day, the right depth. How to move seedlings from punnet to bed without transplant shock, and what to do in the first week.
Leggy Seedlings: Why They Stretch, How to Fix Them, and How to Stop It Happening Again - Happy Valley Seeds

Leggy Seedlings: Why They Stretch, How to Fix Them, and How to Stop It Happening Again

Knowledge Base
Long pale stems and a lean toward the window mean not enough light. What causes leggy seedlings, how to rescue them, which crops can be planted deeper, and how to prevent it next time.
Layering: The Propagation Method That Almost Never Fails - Happy Valley Seeds

Layering: The Propagation Method That Almost Never Fails

Knowledge Base
The stem stays on the plant while it grows roots, so a failed layer costs nothing. Simple, mound, tip and air layering for herbs, berries, figs and citrus, with Australian timing.
Dividing Perennials: How to Revive a Tired Clump and Multiply Your Plants - Happy Valley Seeds

Dividing Perennials: How to Revive a Tired Clump and Multiply Your Plants

Knowledge Base
One crowded clump becomes three or four vigorous plants. Which perennials to divide, which to leave alone, when to do it in your zone, and how to look after the pieces.
Soaking, Scarification and Cold Stratification: Which Seeds Need Help, and Which Do Not - Happy Valley Seeds

Soaking, Scarification and Cold Stratification: Which Seeds Need Help, and Which Do Not

Knowledge Base
Most seed needs nothing. For the few that do, here is how to soak big seeds, scarify hard ones, chill cold-climate ones and smoke Australian natives, safely and at the right time.
How to Root Cuttings in Water (and Get Them Into Soil Alive) - Happy Valley Seeds

How to Root Cuttings in Water (and Get Them Into Soil Alive)

Knowledge Base
Mint, basil, coleus and devil's ivy root in a jar on the sill. How to set it up, how long it takes, and how to move the cutting into soil without losing it.
How to Take Plant Cuttings: Softwood, Semi-Hardwood and Hardwood, Explained - Happy Valley Seeds

How to Take Plant Cuttings: Softwood, Semi-Hardwood and Hardwood, Explained

Knowledge Base
Turn spring prunings into new plants. The three kinds of stem cutting, the plants that strike easily, rooting hormone done safely, and when to take them in your part of Australia.
Direct Sowing: When to Sow Straight Into the Garden, and How to Get It Right - Happy Valley Seeds

Direct Sowing: When to Sow Straight Into the Garden, and How to Get It Right

Knowledge Base
Direct sowing skips the trays and the transplant shock, but it only works when the soil is warm enough and the seedlings are protected. Which crops to sow in place, which to raise first, and how to do it.
How to Protect and Care for Young Seedlings - Happy Valley Seeds

How to Protect and Care for Young Seedlings

Beginner Gardening
What a seedling needs Seedlings are the most fragile stage in the life of a plant, and a few days of the wrong conditions can undo weeks of work. N...
Regrowing vegetables from kitchen scraps: what actually works - Happy Valley Seeds

Regrowing vegetables from kitchen scraps: what actually works

Edible Produce
Some kitchen scraps genuinely regrow and some are pure novelty. Here is an honest guide to what works, what does not, and how to get the best from it.